Short Story - 1925 Words

She tripped and almost fell when a fellow first year student bumped into her, anxious to get into the Great Hall. She cursed under her breath and pushed her brunette hair out of her face. The brunette girl was stuck in stampede of first year students, all of them rushing into the Great Hall to get sorted into their houses. Finally, she was able to navigate her way through the storm and stepped into the Great Hall. She looked around at the second to seventh year students as she slowly smoothed out her blue and cranberry robes. Everyone went silent as a young woman with platinum blonde hair, holding a scroll, cleared her throat. Hello students and welcome to Ilvermorny! I am Professor Whitby, she announced rather cheerfully. Shes†¦show more content†¦A warrior. She was escorted from the room. Ragnok Clearwater! the wampus carving roared when he stepped up to the knot. An adventurer. Jessika Schroder! a jet black-haired girl stepped up to the knot. The horned serpent carvings eyes glowed. A scholar. Many students later the brunette girls name was finally called. Amanda Benson! she stepped up to knot making sure her slight nervousness wouldnt show. She stepped up to the knot and after what seemed like an eternity later she heard the roar of the wampus. She assumed that was the house she got into but saw the shocked faces of the senior students and heard gasps from the crowd. Amanda turned around and saw not only was the wampus carving roaring but the horned serpents eyes were glowing as well. This rarely ever happened. Usually only once a decade. Amanda knew what she had to do next, she remembered reading about it in a book she had read on the train. She now had the honor to choose whether she would be in the horned serpent house or the wampus house. She looked over to Whitby, Which house would you like to be in? Whitby asked. I choose the horned serpent house, Amanda answered. Whitby nodded, the wampus carving stopped roaring, and she was escorted by the white-haired man out of the room. . As he led her down the hallway Amanda saw several house crests and paintings. As a no maj-born it was fascinating to her that the people in the pictures were moving as if they were real. Then again,Show MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

College Academics

Peer Review On Peer Reviews - 1653 Words

Peer review is a composition tool that has been used at many different levels of schooling for a very long time. Some people find it to be unnecessary and many students just see it as a way to pick out spelling and grammatical errors. However, the goal of peer review is to get more out of it than just basic editing. In Peer Editing In the 21st Century College Classroom: Do Beginning Composition Students Truly Reap The Benefits?, the author, Lindsey Jesnek, makes the argument that lower level writing students do not get what they should out of their time spent peer reviewing. However, the authors, Kalish, Heinert, and Pilmaier, of â€Å"Reinventing Peer Review Using Writing Center Techniques: Teaching Students to Use Peer- Tutorial Methodology† are trying to help any and all students benefit more from peer review by offering a new way to approach the process of peer editing. Looking at and comparing the strongest appeals of each paper writers can see that they can effect ively use peer review methods to create a well written paper. The rhetorical situation for Kalish, Heinert, and Pilmaier is that they are all either composition instructors, former writing center tutors, or former writing center directors (30). Their essay is an excerpt from a book titled â€Å"Collaborative Learning and Writing: Essays on Using Small Groups in Teaching English and Composition†. Just from the title of the book it is clear that the purpose for these authors is to offer their insight on how toShow MoreRelatedPeer Review825 Words   |  4 PagesENGL112 Peer Review Worksheet INSTRUCTIONS: Peer Reviews will be conducted in class discussion forums during Week 7. Be sure to review the Lecture and the Discussion area for additional details and guidance. Please complete the following steps below, returning a separate peer review worksheet for each of the two classmates whose papers you review. This assignment is worth 50 points. * You will receive 10 points for submitting your draft by the required deadline. * You will receive 20 pointsRead MoreWhat Is Peer Review?960 Words   |  4 PagesThe literature review What is peer review? Peer review is the evaluation of scholarly and academic articles by other researchers or scientists who are expert in the field and qualified enough to perform a reasonably neutral review. It is an indispensable part of the process of the scholarly publication. Most academic journals rely on scholarly peer review, or refereeing, to help editors evaluate the quality of articles submitted to their journals. The review process is a skill, which is learnedRead MoreTypes Of Peer Review : Review1158 Words   |  5 PagesTypes of peer review There are different journals which follow different types of peer review, based on the kind of research they publish as well as their journal management style. The single and double-blinded peer reviews are the most commonly adopted by many journals. In the single-blind review, the reviewer is aware of the author’s identity, but not vice versa. In the double-blind review, both the author and reviewer are not aware of the other’s identity. In the recent time, some academic journalsRead MorePeer Reviews : Aid The Exploration806 Words   |  4 Pagescontribution or reviewers behind them. ‘Peer Reviews’ aid the exploration, setting up of a strategy by which it can be assessed, and increment organizing conceivable outcomes inside of examination groups. Notwithstanding reactions, ‘Peer Review’ is still the main broadly acknowledged system for examination acceptance. Peer reviewing is a framework that is utilized by researchers to choose which research results ought to be distributed in scientific journals. Peer reviewing subject the logical examinationRead MorePeer Review And Writing Style Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Research, Peer Review and Writing Style Meet Bringing new evidence based practice to the bedside involves a multi-faceted approach involving research, peer review, and publication of new ideas. Research is necessary for the discovery of scientific advancement. Peer review is necessary to ensure the integrity of research findings prior to publication. Adherence to writing principles and style are necessary to convey research findings vetted by peer review. Poorly written research findingsRead MoreProtecting And Preserving The Peer Review1906 Words   |  8 PagesPreserving the Peer Review Privilege - Solutions for Corporate Counsel Representing Hospitals, Health Care Corporations, and Health Care Providers I.INTRODUCTION Health care providers are generally familiar with the doctor-patient privilege, which protects information exchanged between physician and patient for the purposes of rendering or receiving health care services. The peer review privilege is similar, except that it protects communications that occur in connection with the peer review process whereRead MoreThe Need For Peer Review Evaluation System1371 Words   |  6 PagesPeer Evaluation System Introduction The need for peer review evaluation system helps in evaluating the work done by different students, who poses the same level of competency. Through this method, it is possible to set out the standards for quality check, which is required for improving the performance. The demand for academic review across different universities has increased. This helps the students to conduct a detailed analysis of the situation or the project that has been carriedRead MoreArab Authors Perspective On The Peer Review Quality767 Words   |  4 PagesArab authors’ perspective on the peer review quality: Emerald’s scholarly library information science journals as a case study â€Å"Peer review has been providing a valuable service to the scientific community since it was first employed in 1665 by the Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, and its value is very difficult to measure†. (British Ecological Society, 2013, p. 1). Introduction Scholarly communication, especially in the digital environment, has witnessed a significantRead MorePeer Review : An Indispensable Component Of The University Of Virginia1819 Words   |  8 PagesNurses Peer review was established as an indispensable component of the University of Virginia (UVA) Health System Professional Practice model in 1992. Peer review is used to provide individual nurses with the feedback they need to plan and pursue their professional growth and to improve the care they provide. It is an adjunct to self-assessment, professional-goal setting, portfolio enhancement, competency assessment, and annual performance appraisal. Professional nurses are expected to demonstrateRead MoreEnvironmental Management Concern : New Zealand s Biodiversity Strategy Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesin depth knowledge about the status and ecosystems of these species is required. A part of the Biodiversity Strategy is that a â€Å"substantive review† is to be undertaken after a time frame of 5 years, in 2015, in order to access the â€Å"goals, roles, governance arrangements, objectives and priority actions† ((DOC), 2000, p. 130). The report ‘Synthesis Report: Rev iew of the New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy’ (2015) highlighted 8 ‘building blocks’ that are now in place as a direct consequence of the Biodiversity

Analysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible - 1122 Words

Erin Kelleher English II Honors Mrs. Hagerty 14 January 2015 Corruption in The Crucible Good leaders are essential to the functionality and prosperity of a community. They should be honest, genuine, and selfless. Good leaders keep the interests of the people they lead in mind when making all decisions instead of focusing on their own personal goals. It can be quite disastrous when leaders have ulterior motives or bad principles. When leaders are dishonest, deceitful, and selfish, it causes problems for the whole community and a distrust between the leader and the community. A person in power should lead responsibly and consider the consequences of their actions, before making any decisions, large or small. If a leader is irresponsible, it can have disastrous effects upon the community. In his play, The Crucible, Arthur Miller explores how the corruption of power leads to the destruction of a community through the characters Reverend Parris, Judge Danforth, and Abigail Williams. Reverend Parris, the Salem minister, has power because of his position, but he lets ulterior motives guide his decisions, which not only affects him but the people he governs. When Parris finds out about his daughter, Betty’s sickness, his first thought is not about his daughter, but about how this scandal might affect his reputation in the eyes of his congregation. This witchcraft incident could taint his reputation in the public’s perception. Parris tells Abigail to consider the significance ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 961 Words   |  4 Pages Movie paper analysis of The crucible The circumstance brought upon a person can change them greatly. The Crucible edited and rewritten by Arthur Miller, is a movie which takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The leading actors are Daniel Day-Lewis as Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail, Paul Scofield as Judge Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth, Bruce Davison as Parris, and Rob Campbell as Hale. It was directed by Nicholas Hytner and was Based on the witch hunt which surrounded MassachusettsRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights in the 20th century. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem New York City to Isidore and Augusta Miller (GradeSaver). After graduating from high school, Miller worked a variety of odd jobs including hosting a radio program; this was before the University of Michigan accepted him. At school, he studied journalism, became the night editor of the Michigan Daily, and began experimen ting with theater and writing plays. He lived throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Huang Ms. Folkrod English 3, Period 7 26 October 2014 Proctor’s Pride and Downfall A tragic hero is a hero in a story whose natural flaws or wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frankRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950’s and 60’s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930’s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 3926 Words   |  16 PagesA.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict At its core, The Crucible is a chilling depiction of a community engulfed by hysteria. A fanatically religious community in Salem, Massachusetts becomes embroiled in a witch-hunt initiated by a group of adolescent girls. At the start of the play, Reverend Parris finds his teenage daughter, Betty Parris, â€Å"sick† in bed after she, along with his niece Abigail, his slave Tituba, and a fewRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 883 Words   |  4 PagesName: Lauren Ciesielski Period AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Crucible 2. Author (first and last name) and date of first publication: Arthur Miller and 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor – A farmer in Salem that is married to Elizabeth Proctor and is trying to get Elizabeth to forgive him for his sins of lechery on Abigail. b. Abigail Williams- A young lady who tries to throw herself at John Proctor due to their previous affair andRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 908 Words   |  4 PagesDel Giudice Mrs. Schmiedeler English 2F 21 October 2015 Crucible Essay â€Å"It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation, and only one bad one to lose it.† This is a quote by Benjamin Franklin and it explains how the puritan society in The Crucible work. this quote shows how fragile a reputation can be, you can spend your whole life increasing your reputation, but one wrong move and it’s completely wrong. In The Crucible, many of Arthur Miller’s characters are very concerned with their reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesMatthew Shults A.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict The Crucible is a play that takes place in the 17 century in Salem, Massachusetts. As the play starts, Reverend Parris caught some girls naked dancing in the woods. Apparently the girls where stirring up spirits and to escape the punishment of the accusations of being witches, they blame other women in Salem. Later on in the play, Elizabeth Proctor finds out about John ProctorRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1842 Words   |  8 PagesDiscuss Arthur Miller’s approach to U.S. history in The Crucible. Arthur Miller combines his experiences during the McCarthy reign of the 1950s and the factual events of the Salem witch trials in 1692 to create an elaborated historical tale of the panic caused by witchcraft. Although, the morals behind the events are relevant no matter what the period of time the audience is in. Arthur Miller uses the semantic field of truth throughout the play, ‘The Crucible’, to show his audiences that no matterRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 2138 Words   |  9 Pages Crucible Character Essay - John Proctor #6 In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† the protagonist is a man by the name of John Proctor. Proctor is a very complex character because he doesn t have the cleanest history. He is a man in about his forties who had committed the sin of cheating on his wife with a young girl. This act of his gives a bad first impression to the reader. Proctor however does try to become a better man and do the right thing to save his wife s life, which changes feelings

Metaphysical Conceit in John Donnes The Sun Rising Essay

Metaphysical Conceit in John Donnes The Sun Rising Have you ever been in love? Have you ever felt a love so strong that nothing else seemed to matter? I hope that you have, but if you havent, John Donnes poem, The Sun Rising, gives a revealing glimpse into the emotional roller coaster that is true love. In the poem, Donne uses what is called a metaphysical conceit to emphasize the strength of the devotion between him and his lover. A metaphysical conceit is a metaphor extended to extreme, almost absurd lengths, so it makes sense for it to be used to describe intense feelings such as the devotion of two lovers. This definitely applies here, for in the mind of the narrator, he and his lover are the entire world, and the†¦show more content†¦Upon looking at her, full of pride and bravado, he says to the sun, If her eyes have not blinded thine. Look, and tomorrow late, tell me, Whether both thIndias of spice and mine Be where thou lefst them, or lie here with me. (Lines 15-18). At the time this poem was written, colonialism and world trade were just getting into full swing, so it would have been quite a complement to be compared to the East or West Indies. Both were highly regarded and valued for their spices and gold, respectively. He keeps piling on the praise, though, extending his we are the world metaphor by comparing themselves to all the kings in the world. He tells the sun all here in one bed lay (line 20). As the poem progresses, his comparisons become more grandiose as he heaps more and more complements on the two of them. It is in the third stanza that Donne truly states the theme of the metaphor. It is also where he stretches the metaphor to its farthest lengths. He begins by stating his most blunt argument: She is all states, and all princes, I, Nothing else is. (Lines 21-22) Although slightly chauvinistic by todays standards, his words are strong and to the point, telling us plainly that she is the inhabited world and he, its ruler. You might think that this relates the ideaShow MoreRelatedJohn Donne1376 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Donne is the name in English Literature who gave new direction to the literary activities of his age. He is in a sense founded the metaphysical lyric, which was practiced by scare of writers. As Dowden says, â€Å"We are told that in the decline of the greater poetry of the Elizabethan period, a metaphysical school arose and that John Donne was the founder or the first eminent member of this school.† John Donne set up a new tradition in versification by and large Donne must be regarded as an originalRead MoreEssay about Metaphysical Poetry - the flea + sune rising1703 Words   |  7 Pages Metaphysical poets use startling juxtapositions in their poetry to create a greater significance in their arguments and intended meanings throughout the poem. John Donne is said to be the unsurpassed metaphysical poet, metaphysical poetry being poetry relating to a group of 17-century English poets whose verse is typified by an intellectually arduous style, admitting extended metaphors and comparing very disparate things. In 17th century England new discoveries were being made and social customsRead MoreJohn Donne Love Poetry1442 Words   |  6 Pagesemotions be deeply involved, and this they can never be unless, as a man, he takes it more seriously than as a mere poetic convenience.† It is Donne’s sensibility and his personal experiences which are revealed with a vibrancy of language in his love and religious poetry that make him stand out as a distinguished poet compared with his contemporaries. John Donnes poetry does not portray the unchanging view of love but express the poet’s genuine and deep emotions and attitudes of different circumstancesRead MoreA Brief Description of the Concept of Courtly Love1200 Words   |  5 Pagesrole in the scenario. Nevertheless, I will keep Capellanus’ definition for the later analysis of the poetry of John Donne in order to clarify which aspects of courtly love may be represented in his verse. John Donne has largely been considered by scholars to be the most original of the metaphysical poets from the seventeenth century. â€Å"He [Donne] affects the metaphysics†, says the poet John Dryden, â€Å"not only in his satires, but in his amorous verses, where nature only should reign; and perplexes theRead MoreTHE MAIN FEATURES OF THE METAPHYSICAL POETRY ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN DONNE1637 Words   |  7 PagesFEATURES OF THE METAPHYSICAL POETRY ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN DONNE The term metaphysical poetry is used to describe a certain type of 17th century poetry. Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man. It means that the poetry is about showing knowledge and thoughts from different areas of experience, especially about love, romantic and sensual; about mans relationship with God and about pleasure, learning and art. Metaphysical poems are lyricRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Be Not Proud By John Donne1488 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout his poems, John Donne uses literary devices, such as imagery and diction, to discuss an overarching theme of death along with its religious implications, done most noticeably in the Holy Sonnet â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† and the lyrical poem â€Å"Hymn to God, My God, In My Sickness.† He also elaborates on the complexity of emotion, particularly in the metaphysical love poem, â€Å"The Flea.† Donne’s witty and clever style paired with his affinity for social and religious commentary allows his works toRead MoreDonnes The Sun Rising and Marvells To His Coy Mistress1940 Words   |  8 Pages John Donne was one of the most influential poets of the seventeenth century. His often comical poems contain intricate dual meanings and his religious (divine) poetry is convincing and beautiful. Andrew Marvell also wrote during the same period as John Donne and the two worked on similar important matters concerning humanity throughout their careers. Both are classified as metaphysical poets, meaning the poetry employs paradoxes, and is â€Å"highly intellectualized, marked by bold and ingenious conceitsRead MoreThe Rising Sun and Death be not Proud by John Donne Essay2130 Words   |  9 Pagestwo poems written by John Donne, The Rising Sun and Death be not proud. These poems were written during the Elizabethan era, which was an era mainly characterized by love and colonialism, on separate terms of course. These principles often influenced poets who lived during this period. Their poetry acts as testimonies of their underlying thoughts and desires. Furthermore, metaphysical poets deliver a more divine and profound perspective to their poetry. Within their conceits, they manage to engageRead MoreJohn Donne s The Good Morrow2527 Words   |  11 PagesJohn Donne wrote â€Å"The Good Morrow† was written in 1633, and it was part of John Donne’s famous â€Å"Songs and Sonnets which was consider the corner stone of his career. Donne was a very passionate writer when it came to his love poems. He was born in London in 1572 and educated in many subjects and it showed in his poems with his very strong imagery, puns, and paradoxes. He was considered one of the best metaphysical writers ever. He liked to show his vast array of knowledge in many of his works. HisRead Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 Pagesfeel the fell of dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2. William Shakespeare, Sonnets 1-7 3. John Donne, â€Å"Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, â€Å"The Flea†, â€Å"Hymn to God, My God in my Sickness† 4. George Herbert, â€Å"The Collar†, â€Å"The Altar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"Holy Sonnet I† (â€Å"Thou hast made me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), â€Å"Holy Sonnet IX†

photochemical smog Essay Example For Students

photochemical smog Essay Historically, the term smog referred to a mixture of smoke and fog, hence the name smog. The industrial revolution has been the central cause for the increase in pollutants in the atmosphere over the last three centuries. Before 1950, themajority of this pollution was created from the burning of coal for energy generation, space heating, cooking, and transportation. Under the right conditions, the smoke and sulfur dioxide produced from the burning of coal cancombine with fog to create industrial smog. In high concentrations, industrial smog can be extremely toxic to humans and other living organisms. London is world famous for its episodes of industrial smog. The most famous London smog event occurred in December, 1952 when five days of calm foggy weather created a toxic atmosphere that claimed about 4000 human lives. Today, the use of other fossil fuels, nuclear power, and hydroelectricity instead of coal has greatly reduced the occurrence of industrial smog. However, the burning of fossil fuels like gasoline can create another atmospheric pollution problem known as photochemical smog. Photochemical smog is a condition that develops when primary pollutants (oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds created from fossil fuel combustion) interact under the influence of sunlight to produce a mixture of hundreds of different and hazardous chemicals known as secondary pollutants. Development of photochemical smog is typically associated withSpecific climatic conditions and centers of high population density. Cities like Los Angeles, New York, Sydney, and Vancouver frequently suffer episodes of photochemical smog. One way in which the production of photochemical smog is initiated is through the photochemical reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to form ozone. There are many sources of photochemical smog, including vehicle engines (the number one cause of photochemical smog), industrial emissions, and area sources (the loss of vapors from small areas such as a local service station, surface coatings and thinners, and natural gas leakage). Vehicle engines, which are extremely numerous in all parts of the world, do not completely burn the petroleum they use as fuel. This produces nitrogen dioxide which is released through the vehicle exhaust along with a high concentration ofhydrocarbons. The absorption of solar radiation by the nitrogen dioxide results in the formation of ozone (O3). Ozone reacts with many different hydrocarbons to produce a brownish-yellow gaseous cloud which may contain numerous chemicalcompounds, the combination of which, we call photochemical smog. Both types of smog can greatly reduce visibility. Even more importantly, they pose a serious threat to our health. They form as a result of extremely high concentrations of pollutants that are trapped near the surface by a temperature inversion. Many of the components which make up these smogs are not only respiratory irritants, but are also known carcinogens. There are many conditions for the development of photochemical smog:1. A source of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. 2. The time of day is a very important factor in the amount of photochemical smog present. Early morning traffic increases the emissions of both nitrogen oxides (NOx)and Peroxyacetyl Nitrates (PAN) as people drive to work. Later in the morning, traffic dies down and the nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds begin to react forming nitrogen dioxide, increasingits concentration. As the sunlight becomes more intense later in the day, nitrogen dioxide is broken down and its by-products form increasing concentrations of ozone. At the same time, some of the nitrogen dioxide can react with the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to produce toxic chemicals. As the sun goes down, the production of ozone is halted. The ozone thatremains in the atmosphere is then consumed by several different reactions. Effectiveness of Communication Arts EssayAbstract 2The Photochemical Problem in PerthThe Perth Photochemical Smog Study, a joint effort of Western Power Corporation and the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), was undertaken todetermine, for the first time, the extent to which photochemical smog had become a problem in Perth. Measurements of photochemical smog in Perths air began in 1989, at a single site in the suburb of Caversham, 15 kilometers north-east of the city center. Despite the common perception that Perth is a windy city and therefore not prone to air pollution, the first summer of measurements revealed that the city was sometimes subjected to smog levels which approached or exceeded the guidelinesrecommended by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia(NHMRC). In 1991 the State Energy Commission of Western Australia (SECWA, now Western Power Corporation) sought to extend the capacity of the gas turbine power station it operated at Pinjar, some 40 kilometers north of the Perth centralbusiness district. In view of the Caversham data, the Environmental Protection Authority expressed concern that increasing the NOx emissions at Pinjar could contribute to Perths emerging photochemical smog problem which, at that stage,was poorly defined. A consequent condition on the development at Pinjar was that SECWA undertake a study of the formation and distribution of photochemical smog in Perth, a particular outcome of which would be to determine the effect of the Pinjar powerstations emissions on smog in the region. Given the DEPs concerns and responsibility in relation to urban air quality, the Perth Photochemical Smog Study (PPSS) was developed as a jointly operatedand managed project, funded by SECWA and with DEP contributing facilities andscientific expertise. The primary objective of the Perth Photochemical Smog Study was to measure, for the first time, the magnitude and distribution of photochemical smogconcentrations experienced in the Perth region and to assess these against Australian and international standards, with consideration given to health and other environmental effects. The studys monitoring and data analysis program was very successful in defining the distribution of Perths smog. The Perth region experience photochemical. smog during the warmer months of each year. On average, during the three year period July 1992 to June 1995, there have been 10 days per year on which the peak hourly ozone concentration exceeded 80 parts per billion (ppb) somewhere over the Perth region.

Bill French Case free essay sample

1. What are the assumptions implicit in Bill French’s determination of his company’s break-even point? He has assumed that there is only one break-even point for the firm’s three products by taking the average. Labor Union will not affect the product prices no effect on the break-even analysis. Constant dividends were given to stockholders. Production of product â€Å"A† will be decreased and the other hand product â€Å"C† capacity will be increased. Sales price will be constant. 2. On the basis of French’s revised information, what does next year look-like: a. What is the break-even point? Break-even point for product â€Å"C† is 354,545. 45 and overall is 1,035,688. 31. b. What level of operations must be achieved to pay the extra dividend, ignoring union demands? In order to pay the 50% extra dividend and to retain $150,000 profit the firm needs $600,000 profit after taxes and because half of the profit goes through the government the firm needs profit before taxes of ,200,000. We will write a custom essay sample on Bill French Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page c. What level of operations must be achieved to meet the union demands, ignoring break-even points? FC + Union Demands/Unit Contribution to Sales Union Demands = (6,750,000 x10%) = 675,000 2,970,000 + 675,000/. 375 $9,720,000 d. What level of operations must be achieved to meet both dividends and expected union requirements? FC + Target Dividend + Union Demands/Unit Contribution to Sales 2,970,000 + 450,000= (300,000(300,00050%) +675,000/. 375 $10,920,000 3. Can the break-even analysis help the company decide whether to alter the existing product emphasis? What can the company afford to invest for additional â€Å"c† capacity? Considering per unit dollar contribution of product â€Å"C† to â€Å"A† is higher, the other factor is sales. And variable income to sales price is higher than C compensated by its lower sales. Increase in production of product â€Å"c† must not incur $300,000 of cost. 4. Calculate each of the three products’ break-even points using the data in exhibit 3. Why is the sum of these three volumes not equal to the 1,100,000 units’ aggregate break-even volume? It’s different because each of the products has different contribution margins, fixed cost, and volume sales. 5. Is this type of analysis of any value? For what it can be used? It allows differentiation of profits especially if the business is not engaged only on a single product. It helps business to identify how much still they have to sell/hurdle to earn profit. A tool that may help an entity set its sales or production target.